News
09
2021
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11
Little knowledge that mechanical designers should know
These days, I have been mostly dealing with mechanical drawings, and the largest workload is related to mechanical aspects. During the design process, I increasingly feel that the more I design a machine, the more proficient I become. No matter what equipment a new product requires, once it comes to me, I can basically come up with a preliminary design concept immediately. This is also inseparable from my long experience in control and related fields.
These days, I have been mostly dealing with mechanical drawings, and the largest workload is related to mechanical aspects. During the design process, I increasingly feel that the more I design a machine, the more proficient I become. No matter what new product requires equipment, once it comes to me, I can basically come up with a preliminary design concept immediately. This is inseparable from my long experience in control and related fields.
Some things may be difficult for ordinary mechanical designers to understand.
1. Stepper Motors and Servo Motors
Generally, mechanical designers might think that any precision machine should use servo motors instead of stepper motors, believing that servo motors are better than stepper motors.
In fact, based on my many years of design experience, this is not necessarily true. Because most machines are controlled by PLCs. If a servo motor is controlled by PLC pulses, the servo motor is far inferior to the stepper motor in this case. Those familiar with servo motors know that the real function of a servo is closed-loop control. When a servo motor is not controlled in positioning mode, the encoder cannot provide closed-loop functionality; it just moves a certain angle per pulse. In terms of accuracy, it is actually less precise than a stepper motor. Today's stepper motors have reached an accuracy of 60,000 pulses per revolution, are much cheaper than servos, have greater torque, and are much easier to use.
2. Rotary Cylinders
Rotary cylinders are used in many places, mostly in machines that need to flip or rotate an angle. Currently, rotary cylinders are mostly from two brands: SMC and Airtac. The price of an SMC rotary cylinder is generally unacceptable for most machines, often costing over 2,000 yuan, sometimes even 5,000 to 6,000 yuan. If this price is quoted to the customer, just this item alone can cause you to lose the bidding opportunity.
My experience is that, where conditions permit, try to replace them with motors, and stepper motors are the best substitutes. Stepper motors are cheap and precise. Generally, a stepper motor costs just over 300 yuan, and a simple mechanical part can be installed with it.
3. It is necessary to understand more about sensor functions
When designing machinery, consider what kind of sensors to install. Decide what type of switches should be used in which places to meet design requirements, and leave space for their installation.
4. It is not necessary to always draw 3D models
3D models are used to present plans to customers, not for personal use. For oneself, 2D drawings are more ideal. Almost all the 3D drawings I have seen contain errors; small errors in 3D parts are not clearly shown, whereas 2D drawings are clear. I feel my 3D drawings are quite good, but except for presenting plans to others, I basically do not use 3D for my own designs. 2D drawings are also faster to make.
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